💃 Ict And Fct Test

ICT Fct Automatic Tester ICT automatic online/offline tester is a necessary PCBA for modern electronic enterprises (printed circuit board assembly) the test equipment produced by ICT has a wide application range, high measurement accuracy, and clear indication of detected problems. Even workers with ordinary electronic technology can easily This section is dedicated to Teacher and Student revision resources for the OCR AS A2 and AQA AS/A2 ICT specification. Revision resources include exam question practice and coursework guides. Topics include network systems, database, data communications, legal issues such as the Data Protection Act, measurement and control, the OSI model along Honeywell Co. Ltd, China Company developed a flexible circuit test (FCT) system to test printed circuit boards (PCBs) while reducing costs and time by half. ICT is usually the first test step in which every electronic component is tested and every short and open fault of every circuit are checked online. Most PCBs use firmware to control Definition of the best test strategy in function of production volumes. Design and debug application testing ICT. Production monitoring to improve coverage and efficiency of the test. FCT (Functional Circuit Test) Acquisition test specifications issued by the customer. Analysis of technical / economic feasibility. A functional test (FCT) happens after the assembly and before the thermal aging test. It stimulates the working condition to check the PCBA's functionality performance. This is how PCBONLINE processes a functional test: First, our senior test engineers use LabView to do the test programming. ICT + FCT + MDA. TR5001 INLINE - - Equip-Test Kft. *Optimized for inline integration, this SMEMA-compatible ICT is designed as an expandable platform for testing PCBAs Systemconfiguration for ICT and FCT Testing - MIC Mass Interface Connections GmbH Phone: +49 (0) 89 - 163 99 01 -0 DE EN Products Solutions Support Company News & Events Contact Products Special Solutions Systemconfiguration System Configuration Looking for a partner to assist you when it comes to your next test system configuration? ICT/FCT/Flash Universal Test System For a leading manufacturer of home automation equipment, we developed a universal test system to Test complete product families of jalousie and dimmer applications. This test system includes In-Circuit Test, flashing of the DUTs and complete Functional Test . 区别在于ict测试仪主要检测电路板元件有没有插错元件参数是否正常，而fct主要检测电路板功能是否正常。. ict测试仪，即自动在线测试仪，是现代电子企业必备的PCBA (Printed- Circuit Board Assembly，印刷电路板组件）生产的测试设备，ict使用范围广，测量准确性高 YndpS4. In-Circuit Testing ICT is an established method of analysing an electronic product in production. Typically, a bed-of-nails approach is used to test a non-powered circuit board and techniques such as Direct Digital Synthesis DDS and Discrete Fourier Transform DFT are used to generate stimulus signals and to perform analogue measurement analysis. This allows the In-Circuit Analyser ICA to measure real-world attributes such as inductance, capacitance, impedance and resistance to check if all of the Device Under Test DUT test node results are within tolerance and if any component is open, shorted, incorrect or misoriented, all without having to power up the DUT. The interconnection between the nail contacts and the relevant analogue channel or digital Driver/Sensor D/S on the pin board is accomplished by using a relay multiplexer Figure 1. Figure 1 Typical bed-of-nails 2x16 relay multiplexer only one channel shown in the diagram In some more advanced systems, the ICA module can also be used to carry out limited functional component testing FCT by applying power to the device and measuring the input and output characteristics under load. More often, this test is done separately with a second test adapter. There are several practical reasons for doing this Firstly, the ICT bed-of-nails probes are not rated to carry the necessary supply voltage or load current to carry out a full function test on powered-up devices. A dedicated FCT test-bed will have heavy-duty contacts designed to carry higher currents or voltages without overheating, arcing or suffering from excessive wear. The disadvantage is that these heavy-duty contacts take up more space and therefore FCT test adapters typically check only one DUT at a time. Secondly, the ICA internal programmable power supplies, relays and electronic loads are also not designed for high current testing. If the power supply units are simply swapped out for more powerful versions, the higher current can cause serious interference problems with the sensitive ICT analogue measurements, including introduction of measurement inaccuracies due to ground-bounce, voltage drop along wiring and through transients generated from switching inductive loads. The measurements carried out in a dedicated FCT adapter are usually lower resolution with heavier filtering, so they are less sensitive to interference. Also, the power supplies and relay contacts are more robust and able to switch more than one amp. Thirdly, the relay interface hardware and software control used to change the relay configuration is typically via a Parallel Input Output PIO controller and relay driver Figure 2. For ICT applications, the relay switching speed is not usually an issue as the relays are mainly reconfigured at the end of each DUT test to multiplex connections from one pin assembly to the next. However, in an FCT test adapter, the relays are used to change the functional test setup for each separate test on each DUT, so the control data throughput to the relays is higher. In a dedicated FCT set-up, this is not an issue as only one DUT is checked at a time, but if multiple devices are going to be tested in a combined ICT/FCT adapter, then the speed limitation of the relay control is a major bottleneck. Figure 2 Test System Block Diagram Finally, while ICT measurements can be made in milliseconds, FCT procedures are typically much slower as measurements made while the unit is powered up cannot be made instantaneously; the outputs have to settle before a reliable measurement can be taken. Typically, the FCT process will take five to ten times as long as ICT to complete for the same product. If the testing is combined in one ICT/FCT platform, then the FCT part could be a bottleneck in production. If the two processes are separated, then one ICT machine could feed several FCT testbeds used in parallel to increase the throughput and reduce the bottleneck. Nevertheless, for a newly developed DC/DC product series developed by the Austrian company Recom Power, the additional cost and testing time for two separate test adapters was not acceptable. A way had to be found to combine the high speed advantage of ICT with the practical quality assurance of 100% functional testing, all in one test adapter. This was technically a complex challenge the product series covered devices with up to 6A output current and input voltages up to 60V. Each PCB panel contained forty partly-finished modules which meant that parallel testing was required using heavy-duty power supplies. The data throughput was therefore not only very high but any timing errors could be problematic. Recom contracted Elmatest in the Czech Republic to build a combined ICT/FCT test adapter for the Teledyne Teststation LH used by the EMS provider. From the beginning, Zdenek Martinek, the application engineer at Elmatest, realised that this was no ordinary project. There were several significant problems that needed to be solved how to combine ICT/FCT in one multi-panel, how to handle the high relay control throughput, how to accelerate the FCT process and how to cope with the high power levels without harming the sensitive probes. In close co-operation with Markus Stöger from Recom’s R&D department, a solution was found for all of these issues. The first problem that needed to be solved was how to combine ICT/FCT in the multi-panel design of the product. Each PCB contained 40 independent circuits. These modules were not part-built, but complete products, already finished, cased and screen printed and not all of the internal nodes were accessible to the ICT pin panel. This was deliberate. The DC/DC converter switches at high internal frequencies and it is integral to the product concept that the metal case and its multi-layer PCB forms a complete six-sided faraday cage to avoid EMI issues. Any external connections to an internal high frequency switching node would form a pathway for EMI to pass through the EMC seal and to radiate, possibly causing measurement errors. The solution to “How to ICT test an enclosed and inaccessible product?” was to create a test module on each multi-panel. The test module allows access to all of the ICT nodes necessary on the test module to verify that each panel is built correctly. Once the conventional ICT procedure is carried out on the test module, then the remaining modules need be FCT-checked only. Figure 3 Top and bottom images of the multi-panel PCB showing the ICT test module in the corner. The code required to carry out a single test and measurement process is called a test vector. The arrangement of the inputs, outputs and analogue channel configurations required to carry out the measurement is transmitted as a data burst’. These configurations are loaded into local on-board memory and then simultaneously activated by a timing strobe signal. This configuration is then latched until the test has been completed and the measurement data has been transferred back to the CPU. However, in the meantime, the next data burst can be pre-loaded into the registers to await the next strobe signal. This methodology is what allows ICT to achieve its very fast throughput of around 4µs per vector. However, the standard relay drivers used in the GenRad Teststation are driven from the Parallel Input/Output PIO controller which in turn is given commands from the controlling PC via a MXIbus Figure 2. This arrangement proved to be too slow for our project where we want to process different FCT measurements within a single test vector using the high speed System Controller to control the relay configuration. In order to accelerate the relay switching rate, a novel relay driver topology was implemented in the Recom test adapter, based on a technique called active burst’. In active burst, some of the relays are not driven from the PIO controller card, but driven directly from the D/S outputs which are kept active until the ICA measurements have been completed. Each D/S can be configured with 9 separate functions Idle, Drive low or high, Sense low or high, Hold, Drive with deep serial memory, Sense with deep serial memory and Collect CRC data, so in our case, we used the Drive function to directly power the relays. The D/S Drive output is limited to TTL voltage and current levels, normally not sufficient to operate a relay without a separate driver, but by building the test adapter using Darlington transistor current amplifier relay coils, the D/S modules were able to operate the relays directly, bypassing the PIO controller. This made the relay control practically instant and made the coding much simpler. The second problem that needed to be solved was how to accelerate the FCT part of the test; waiting for the analogue levels to settle would have made the overall testing still unacceptably slow. The technique used here was to use the processing power already inherent in the ICA system. Waveform generation and analysis techniques such Direct Digital Synthesis DDS and Discrete Fourier Transform DFT were used, which are inherently faster than any analogue bridge balancing measurement technique. The breakthrough was to realise that these same advanced techniques could also be used to determine the powered-up functional testing results. Instead of applying a fixed load, waiting for the output to stabilise and then measuring the input and output currents and voltages, the output load could be pulsed for a few milliseconds and the processed results used to derive the final output characteristics. This reduced the measurement time by up to 80%. Figure 4 6-Terminal Impedance Measurement One significant development issue was matching such dynamic load and supply switching with the ancient “spaghetti” software used in the GenRad test station, which is a mix of Pascal, Assembler and Basic. However, although GenRad ceased to exist as a separate company back in 2003, it is a tribute to the robustness of the design that even today it is possible to piggy-back state-of-the-art operating systems on top of the original hardware. The solution to the second problem also solved the third problem how to avoid damaging the sensitive probes. As the load current was pulsed only for a very short time, there was no noticeable local heating at the very fine contact area, even with 6A peak current through a probe rated at only two amps. The on-time/off-time ratio could also be programmed so that even with sequential measurements, the probe tip had time to cool down between pulses and would not burn or scorch. This pulsed load technique also meant that the power supplies were not overloaded. ICT is also used to measure the internal voltage divider resistances used to pre-set the output voltage, allowing the test system to automatically derive the output voltage, output current and input voltage range from ICT and then pass these values on to the FCT test program so that the appropriate functional testing can be carried out. This eliminates the possibility of operator error setting the FCT variables out-of-range and damaging either the product or the expensive pin boards or programmable power supplies. The net result of all of these techniques is a combined ICT/FCT test time of between and seconds per DC/DC module, meaning that a complete PCB multi-panel can be 100% tested in less than 80 seconds, including removal of the tested PCB and placement of the next PCB to be tested into the test adapter. With a minimum production run of 5000, the cumulative time-saving has been instrumental in the resulting success of the entire product series. So much so, that the initial design of the RPM module has now been extended from a single series with eight variants to three different series with a total of twenty-two variants, all sharing the same footprint and test adapter. Figure 5 The finished test adapter in action RECOM We Power your Products What is FCT test? FCT test Functional testing is the process of ensuring that a product can perform its intended functions and meet user needs. This can be done by testing the PCB board after it has been assembled. FCT test can also be used to test all components on a PCB board, including PCB resistors and capacitors. If there are any defects in these components, functional testing will help you find them before assembly begins. It involves testing whether all components and interconnections are working correctly, as well as verifying that the design has been manufactured correctly. This can be done in two ways●Using system level test equipment SLE to check your design for faults before it goes into production; or ●By using function generators FGs, which generate waveforms from input signals, and compare these with what you expect to see on your PCB design. The standards of FCT testEach electronic component has a set of specifications laid out by the manufacturer. These specifications are used to determine how well the component performs in its intended role. FCT test is carried out to ensure that these specifications are met, often in conjunction with input validation testing. FCT test can be performed in several ways bench testing, lab testing, and simulation. Bench testing involves physically running the device under test to check for failure modes. Lab testing involves running the device on a specialized test rig that simulates real-world conditions temperature, humidity. Simulation uses software programs to model the behavior of components under various conditions and then compares those models against actual addition to basic functionality, FCT also tests for proper signal transfer between components as well as proper timing and sequencing of operations. FCT can be done manually or using automated tools such as automated functional tester AFT. Automated FCT tools are most effective when used in conjunction with manual functional testing. The difference between ICT test and FCT testICT and FCT tests are good methods to check the electronics components but they do have some difference between them as test method is a static test method while FCT test is a dynamic test. The ICT gives you an indication of whether your individual components works or not and it works without power, whereas FCT test gives you information about the condition of whole product and it works with material which ICT test monitors is not completely prepared while FCT test checks the finished products. The specification of FCT test fixture FCT test is a method for PCBA testing product that is used to evaluate its reliability, performance, and functionality. It is typically used for software development projects that require high-quality and consistent results. In order to perform FCT test, the developer must first create a mock environment that simulates the system they are working on. This mock environment may be created using different software versions or hardware configurations. The developer then performs the functional test on the mock environment. The results of the test are then compared to the actual system. Fixture testing is an alternative method of testing software that can be used when a developer needs to perform multiple tests simultaneously on different systems. Fixture testing can also be performed in production environments where multiple developers are working on the same system at once. Fixture testing can be performed in many different ways including 1 Simulating real-world scenarios by creating virtual Simulating real-world scenarios by creating virtual machines with custom-built FCT test fixture is designed for electrical testing based on the requirement of customer and the test system. It is designed to present the PCB under test at a fixed position using Pogo pins, so that it can be electrically tested. The model BH-16 has been standardized as per IEC 60050-11Ed2for How does FCT test fixture work?Functional testing is a process of collecting and evaluating the performance of software components. It is a key component in the development process, and it is an essential part of the continuous integration and deployment processes. In order to test a component, it must be able to respond to changes in its environment. A fixture is an automated way of testing a component that can be used to collect data on how well the component is responding to changes in its environment. There are several different types of fixtures available, including unit tests, and integration tests. Unit tests are the most commonly used tests to check the functionality of a single piece of software. Integration tests are used for integrating components into larger systems that use different languages or frameworks. Integration tests are useful for testing components that have been created separately for each system type. They are used for testing components that have been integrated with other components in order to ensure that they work together as expected. What need to be concerned when using FCT test fixture?One of the most important things to consider when using FCT test is that it should be run on a test-driven development TDD approach. This means that you should be testing your code against known entities and structures, rather than new ones. It’s important to remember that FCT doesn’t need to be used for every project; if you’re just testing one or two you are using FCT test on a large project with many components, it may take longer for them all to run smoothly. This may cause performance issues because different components may not all be able to communicate well with each other due to different architectures and so using FCT testing, it is also important to implement regular tests which should be run against a small set of samples, and not against full production is essential to note that the testing fixture is not meant for repetitive use. The fixture should be used only once at one time if required. The PCB has to be carefully placed in an appropriate position as per customer’s specifications including PCB thickness so that it can be electrically tested by providing Pogo pins through which electrical connections are made with test system being used. FCT test Functional testing is the process of ensuring that a product can perform its intended functions and meet user needs. This can be done by testing the PCB board after it has been assembled. IC test method is a static test method while FCT test is a dynamic test. The ICT gives you an indication of whether your individual components works or not and it works without power, whereas FCT test gives you information about the condition of whole product and it works with power. A FCT test fixture is an automated way of testing a component that can be used to collect data on how well the component is responding to changes in its environment. There are several different types of fixtures available, including unit tests, and integration tests. Unit tests are the most commonly used tests to check the functionality of a single piece of software. ConclusionFCT test is a useful technique for testing a PCB board. FCT test helps us to find out the problems in our boards with ease and at a minimal cost. It can save you money by avoiding expensive field trials of your product. FCT test can be done with a variety of methods, including software simulation and physical tests. In addition to testing the basic functionality of a product, functional testing can also check reliability and safety. The FCT Test in which the PCBA is powered up is referred to as an FCT. Among the features are voltage, current measurement and control, power factors, frequency and duty ratio, position determination, LED lighting, LED color, sound recognition, temperature, and pressure measurement control, etc. What's more essential than adhering to PCB manufacturing's highest quality requirements is ensuring that your board functions as intended. This necessitates a series of tests to be carried out at different phases, including development, production, and assembly. There are a variety of functional tests that may be performed on a PCB to ensure that it is working correctly. To enable PCB functional testing, the manufacturer may also need to alter the design of the PCB. Sending the design files back and forth should be simple as long as the manufacturer is aware of your device's functional specifications and the testing procedures you've established. Of course, a cloud-based solution for data access is the ideal option. Classification of Functional Tests In order to accommodate a variety of control modes 1）Manually control functional tests 2）Semi-automatic control function test 3）Fully automatic control function test The early function tests are mostly automated or semi-automatic, with a few exceptions. Manual and semi-automatic methods are still used to simplify the design and lower manufacturing costs. In order to reduce money and increase production efficiency, many functional tests have been automated. For a different kind of controller A microprocessor controller Embedded CPU controllers are also available PC controller PLC Control Why Do We Perform Functional Tests? Manufacturers use functional testing FCT to ensure their products are of high quality. Predefined standards for the future use of DUTs are scrutinized throughout the testing process to ensure they are up to snuff. In addition to functional testing, a DUT is recommended to be subjected to undesired conditions in order to see how it responds e. g. switching off on overvoltage. If a functional item is being manufactured, functional tests are often conducted at the end of the manufacturing line. How Are Functional Tests Performed? During functional testing, a DUT's response to various external stimuli relevant to its intended use is evaluated in great detail. If the anticipated behaviour is met, it passes the test. These are some of the most often cited influences At the electrical inputs e. g., voltage dips or interruptions Input signals in the form of digital data e. g. communication messages through KNX, DALI, CAN, I2C, Flexray, etc. Simulated user interface operations e. g., buttons, rotary controls Using sensors to interact e. g. NFC inclement weather e. g. high or low temperatures Differences From Other Methods Of Testing Other electrical tests that look for manufacturing flaws by evaluating physical characteristics rather than functional responses identification of incorrect soldering by assessing electrical resistances must be differentiated from functional testing. In-circuit testing ICT Using specialized needle bed adapters, many test locations may be contacted at the same time to inspect built PCBs. PBT using a flying probe FPT A few successive test points are performed when inspecting the constructed PCBs using universal flying probe testers. Functional Testing Requires What? The industrial FCT Test requires the following hardware and software A test control unit FCT tester that manages the DUT's exposure to external factors and records its responses accurately and in real-time e. g. our Guardian FCT tester Connecting the DUT test adapter to the control unit in a time-efficient or even automated manner is possible with this method e. g., test adapters by GTS Test Solutions Software for real-time examination of test sequences that may be programmed and executed e. g., WinGuard Sensors and systems such as color sensors are essential for the creation of the necessary environmental circumstances e. g. climatic chambers The FCT Machine Functional Circuit Test Functional Circuit Testing FCT is an approach to testing that offers a simulated operating environment for the test target board so that it may operate in predefined states and acquire parameters for each condition in order to validate the UUT. Functional testing of PCBAs is often referred to as PCB testing. Features In order to guarantee long-term performance and balance of action, it is best to choose pneumatic components from well-known brands. Drilling precision in high-CNC machining is limited to Slab, guard plate, and needle plate verticality are ensured by a linear bearing guide. Preventing mishaps via the use of both hands simultaneously You may save time and effort by using a quick clip as a power source with a well-balanced and simple operation. In terms of accuracy and throughput, CNC is unmatched. Use a linear bearing guide to ensure that the needle point is precisely centered. The base of the rack may be changed, allowing for simple adjustment. PCB Assembly Functional Testing Before the thermal aging test, a functional test FCT is performed. It is used to test the PCBA's functional performance in a working environment. Using PCB software, the following steps may be performed The PCB assembly is then connected to the PCBA tester by a test technician, who runs the test program and turns on the PCBA. In Visual Basic, our testing system is set up. The technician then uses the PCBA tester to read the signals from the PCB chips and route them to the test locations on the board. This is the most efficient method when using an oscilloscope to view the signal levels and voltage values. Using an oscilloscope linked to a computer, our expert may check for signal integrity and see whether voltages are running correctly by seeing if the screen shows okay or NG not good and if the PCBA is okay. There is a complete record of every step of the testing procedure. IC programming or thermal aging are the following steps in the PCB construction if the computer says so. Once our experts have debugged the computer, all PCBA testing is restarted. In most cases, we recommend functional testing to clients whose PCBs have an area of more than three square meters. It identifies any open connections, damaged components, solder shorts, and other issues with the PCB. PCB manufacturers use it to provide a high level of accuracy in the assembly process. Your PCB Assembly Benefits from FCT This is what you'll gain by working with the FCT The FCT saves the consumer from acquiring expensive testing equipment or hiring a testing business, which is significantly more costly. System testing is no longer required. " Everything that may go wrong with the PCB is covered here, including resistance and voltage, as well as communication methods. To add serial numbers and calibration factors at this point, manufacturers have the ability to do so. Any faults in the PCB's operating environment are removed during the FCT Test. Monitoring responses at certain moments ensures the product's operation and guarantees that it will not malfunction. This is critical for customers who may not be able to figure out the problem on their own. Benefits to Customers of Functional Testing In order to save money for the client, functional testing mimics the product's operational environment, reducing the need for costly testing equipment. When costly system testing is not required, the OEM saves a great deal of time and money. In order to save time and effort for the OEM, it may do a functional test on anywhere from 50 to 100 percent of the product being delivered. Functional testing may be made more productive than system testing by skilled engineers who know how to use it. ICT and flying probe tests may be enhanced by functional testing to make the product more reliable and error-free. By mimicking the product's operating context, a functional test ensures that the product functions correctly. The DUT's environment includes everything that can interact with it, such as the DUT's power supply or any software loads required for the DUT to operate effectively. The PCB is put through its paces by a series of signals and power sources. At certain moments, responses are checked to verify that everything works as it should. The OEM test engineer often creates the standards and test methods that are followed throughout the test. This test is the most effective at identifying incorrect component values, functional issues, and parametric issues. Automated functional testing is made possible by test software, which is also known as firmware by production line operators. An externally programmable instrument, such as an I/O board or digital multimeter, is used to connect with the software. An FCT Test may be performed using the instruments connected to the DUT through a fixture and software. Last Words Finally, the FCT Test is performed. Finished PCBs may be passed or failed using this test, and they can then be sent off. It is an FCT's job to ensure that the manufacturing process is free of faults that might harm the product's ability to perform properly in a system. Now that you've learned about PCBA functional testing, you should have a better grasp of the process. It might be a frustrating experience for the consumer if the whole PCB fails to operate. For example, the FCT mimics the circuit board's operational environment and helps you avoid any future mistakes.

ict and fct test